Hausa traditional housing is informed and shaped by the culture of the people and their religious belief. T he Pre-colonial Northern Empire that. The Hausas, located in the Northern […] -----International Festival of Language and CultureColours of the Worldtwitter.com/intFLCinstagram.com/intFLCyoutube.com/intFLCwww.intFLC.org TYPES OF CULTURE IN NIGERIA AND THEIR IMPORTANCE. Across the Nigerian borders the Hausas are natives of the northern parts of many West African countries. The Hausa were famous throughout the Middle Ages for their cloth weaving and dyeing, cotton goods, leather sandals, metal locks, horse equipment and leather-working and export of such goods throughout the west African region as well as to north Africa (Hausa leather was erroneously known to medieval Europe as Moroccan leather[78]). The Hausa (autonyms for singular: Bahaushe (m), Bahaushiya (f); plural: Hausawa and general: Hausa; exonyms: Ausa; Francophonic spelling: Haoussa) are the largest ethnic group in sub-Saharan Africa with the second most spoken language after Arabic in the Afro-Asiatic language family. The processes are also not stressful compared to the two other regions in Nigeria. Many Hausas can read and write in Arabic because at an early age, they are required to go to Arabic-language schools. The dignitary is portrayed wearing a "crooked baton"[44][45] The dignitary is also portrayed sitting with flared nostrils, and an open mouth suggesting performance. Katsina 5. Nigeria also has over 1150 dialects and ethnic groups. There are 7 true Hausa states, which are Biram, Daura, Gobir, Kano, Katsina, Rano, Zaria. In the more remote areas of Hausaland, the people continue to practise Maguzanci. The Hausa eat grains, maize, porridge, soups and stews, as well as plenty of vegetables (such as spinach, tomatoes, peppers, onions, pumpkin and okra). [16][2] The Hausa are a diverse but culturally homogeneous people based primarily in the Sahelian and the sparse savanna areas of southern Niger and northern Nigeria respectively, numbering over 70 million people with significant indigenized populations in Benin, Cameroon, Ivory Coast,[17] Chad, Sudan, Central African Republic,[18] Republic of the Congo,[19] Togo, Ghana,[20] Eritrea,[10] Equatorial Guinea,[21] Gabon, Senegal and the Gambia. But the two groups differ in language, lifestyle and preferred beasts of burden (the Tuareg use camels, while Hausa ride horses). Most Hausa speakers, regardless of ethnic affiliation, are Muslims; Hausa often serves as a lingua franca among Muslims in non-Hausa areas. It is always amazing when you can see everything with your own eyes. However, the subversive nature of these novels, which are often romantic and family dramas that are otherwise hard to find in the Hausa language, have made them popular, especially among female readers. The Hausa tribe is one of the three prominent ethnic groups in Nigeria. This sub-group didn't accept the Islamic faith and still believes in the Gods. As opposed to what obtains in many other cultures, in the Hausa culture it is a representative from the groom and bride’s family usually does exchange of vows and not the bride and groom. The major native languages spoken in Nigeria represent three major families of African languages - the majority are Niger-Congo languages, such as Yoruba, Ibo, the Hausa language is Afro-Asiatic; and Kanuri, spoken in the northeast, primarily Borno State, is a member of the Nilo-Saharan family. They have several practices that are exclusively found among them. Leave your email to receive our newsletter, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria, Drop your mail and be the first to get fresh news, Obasanjo reveals why Babangida annulled June 12 election, Davido's daughter Imade and her friends storm his Banana Island mansion, singer says 'I'm finished today', Davido, Naira Marley, Olamide, others storm Oba Elegushi's birthday party, thrill guests with hot performances, Yoruba – about 36 million people (19-20 percent), Igbo – approximately 32 million people (17-18 percent), Hausa – about 24 million people (12-13 percent), Ijaw – nearly 15 million people (8 percent), Kanuri – about 6-7 million people (3-4 percent). It used to serve as an international market where North African goods were exchanged for domestic goods through trans-Saharan trade. The British established the Northern Nigeria Protectorate to govern the region, which included most of the Sokoto empire and its most important emirates. [42], Other Hausa have mixed with ethnic groups southwards such as the Yoruba of old Oyo, Nupe and Igbirra in the northern fringes of the forest belt and in similar fashion to their Sahelian neighbors have heavily influenced the cultures of these groups. [63] Lugard abolished the Caliphate, but retained the title Sultan as a symbolic position in the newly organised Northern Nigeria Protectorate. READ ALSO: Top native styles on Bella Naija. The women can be identified by wrappers called zani, made with colourful cloth known as atampa or Ankara, (a descendant of early designs from the famous Tie-dye techniques the Hausa have for centuries been known for, named after the Hausa name for Accra the capital of what is now Ghana, and where an old Hausa speaking trading community still lives) accompanied by a matching blouse, head tie (kallabi) and shawl (Gyale). The Hausa states in Nigeria are states that are predominantly dominated by the Hausas. Among the Hausa customs retained by the Fulani was « kinship status », an aspect of community life and practice that was found and still is found even among certain sections of the Southern Regions of Nigeria. Of these, the Kingdom of Daura was the first, according to the Bayajidda Legend. Our data suggest that this shift was not accompanied by large amounts of Afroasiatic16 gene flow. The Hausas form the majority of the people inhabiting the middle belt and northern states of Nigeria. The Fulani and Hausa cultural similarities as a Sahelian people however allowed for significant integration between the two groups. The Hausa/Fulani are considered the largest ethnic group in Nigeria, followed closely by the Yoruba and then the Igbo. Great Livestock Rearer Opening Paragraph Hausa is probably the most widely spoken language in Negro Africa. Fighters usually end up with split brows, broken jaws and noses or even sustain brain damage. They can be recognized by their facial scarification. Other Hausa have also moved to large coastal cities in the region such as Lagos, Port Harcourt, Accra, Abidjan, Banjul and Cotonou as well as to parts of North Africa such as Libya over the course of the last 500 years. The bride always has beautiful Lali or Mendy henna-drawing on her hands. Culture. The gowns have wide openings on both sides for ventilation. Radio and television broadcasting in Hausa is ubiquitous in northern Nigeria and Niger, and radio stations in Cameroon have regular Hausa broadcasts, as do international broadcasters such as the BBC, VOA, Deutsche Welle, Radio Moscow, Radio Beijing, RFI France, IRIB Iran, and others. He was known as a stabilising force in Nigerian politics, particularly in 1966 after the assassination of Ahmadu Bello, the Premier of Northern Nigeria.[64]. This post will talk about Hausa culture, traditions, fashion and food. Nigeria, the most populous black nation in the world, is a culturally diversed country, with multitude of ethnic groups living together as one. Most religions in the world today is about 90% culture-based. All women usually dress up to cover all the main parts of the body. The town predates all the other major Hausa towns in tradition and culture. [55], Muhammad Rumfa was the Sultan of the Sultanate of Kano, located in modern-day Kano State, Northern Nigeria. Hausa's rich poetry, prose, and musical literature, is increasingly available in print and in audio and video recordings. The Culture Of Niger Ethnicity, Language, and Religion in Niger. However, Edward Powe, a researcher of Nigerian martial art culture recognizes striking similarities in stance and single wrapped fist of Hausa boxers to images of ancient Egyptian boxers from the 12th and 13th dynasties. I know you may say it is of Islamic origin but what is religion without culture if i may ask? On 13 March 1903 at the grand market square of Sokoto, the last Vizier of the Caliphate officially conceded to British Rule. Leather sandals and turbans are also typical. Many Fulani in the region do not distinguish themselves from the Hausa, as they have long intermarried, they share the Islamic religion and more than half of all Nigerian Fulani have integrated into Hausa culture. Some of the most popular dialects used are Kano, Hausa Ghana, Sokoto, Daura but there are many others too. Sultan Muhammad Bello of Sokoto stated that, "She made war upon these countries and overcame them entirely so that the people of Katsina paid tribute to her and the men of Kano and... also made war on cities of Bauchi till her kingdom reached to the sea in the south and the west." The Hausa population resides mostly in the northern parts of Nigeria. [22] Still a status symbol of the traditional nobility in Hausa society, the horse still features in the Eid day celebrations, known as Ranar Sallah (in English: the Day of the Prayer). It is also one of the largest groups in West Africa and it has the population of over 30 million. Traditionally the main occupation of this ethnic is agriculture and trade. Male head is covered with the hula cap or turban. They make up the largest ethnic group of West Africa and are known as successful traders. [50] Although the legend of Bayajidda is a relatively new concept in the history of the Hausa people that gained traction and official recognition under the Islamic government and institutions that were newly established after the 1804 Usman dan Fodio Jihad. It became an important centre for learning, attracting scholars and students from far and wide, and later served as a kind of university. [80], A modern literary movement led by female Hausa writers has grown since the late 1980s when writer Balaraba Ramat Yakubu came to popularity. Because it was never connected with the railway network, it became economically and politically marginal. Naturally, a Hausa man based on his Hausa culture and tradition would consider as taboo what the Islamic Quran forbids, and these things should not be done anywhere you find yourself in Hausa land or northern part of Nigeria or you might offend them. Lunch or dinner usually feature a heavy porridge with soup and stew known as tuwo da miya. The town predates all the other major Hausa towns in tradition and culture. They surprised the British, who had expected the Hausa to turn to cotton production. The Hausa Kingdoms were independent political entities in what is now Northern Nigeria. Do you know how many languages are spoken in Nigeria today? Except in very wet or cold weather cooking takes place in the open courtyard of the multi-generational extended family compound, or gida.Cooking for family members is a female activity shared, or rotated, among co-wives in what are more often than not polygamous households. The table below shows Hausa ethnic population distribution by country of indigenization, outside of Nigeria and Niger:[24][25], Daura, in northern Nigeria, is the oldest city of Hausaland. The Hausa people are found in various parts of West Africa. Certainly trade influenced religion. Nigeria is replete with rich heritage, culture, and tradition that has been preserved by every tribe, individually. The Hausa tribe is one of the three prominent ethnic groups in Nigeria. According to a Y-DNA study by Hassan et al. The trip will evolve from the tropical Southwest to the dry North. There is something grand about this industry, which spreads to the north as far as Murzuk, Ghat and even Tripoli, to the West, not only to Timbuctu, but in some degree even as far as the shores of the Atlantic, the very inhabitants of Arguin dressing in the cloth woven and dyed in Kano; to the east, all over Borno, ...and to the south...it invades the whole of Adamawa and is only limited by the pagans who wear no clothing.”[40][41] In clear testimony to T. L Hodgkin's claim, the people of Agadez and Saharan areas of central Niger, the Tuareg and the Hausa groups are indistinguishable from each other in their traditional clothing; both wear the tagelmust and indigo Babban Riga/Gandora. This is the tradition. [46][47][48] In the 7th century, the Dalla Hill in Kano was the site of a Hausa community that migrated from Gaya and engaged in iron-working. This area is mostly semiarid grassland or savanna, dotted with cities surrounded by farming communities. The culture of Nigeria is shaped by Nigeria's multiple ethnic groups. The number of ethnic groups and dialects stand at more than 1,150. Hausa, people found chiefly in northwestern Nigeria and adjacent southern Niger. By the 14th Century Hausa traders were already spreading Islam across large swathe of west Africa such as Ghana, Cote d Ivoire etc.. Muslim scholars of the early 19th century disapproved of the hybrid religion practiced in royal courts. Many medieval Hausa manuscripts similar to the Timbuktu Manuscripts written in the Ajami script, have been discovered recently some of them even describe constellations and calendars. Everything roots from the family unit and this can’t be ignored. T he Pre-colonial Northern Empire that. Following the construction of the Nigerian railway system, which extended from Lagos in 1896 to Ibadan in 1900 and Kano in 1911, the Hausa of northern Nigeria became major producers of groundnuts. The Gobarau minaret, a symbol of the state, is an early example of Islamic architecture in a city that prides itself as an important Islamic learning centre. The most famous of all Hausa food is most likely Suya, a spicy shish kebab like skewered meat which is a popular food item in various parts of Nigeria and is enjoyed as a delicacy in much of West Africa and balangu or gashi. Like other Muslims and specifically Sahelians within West Africa, Hausa women traditionally use Henna (lalle) designs painted onto the hand instead of nail-polish. Calabash in Hausa Culture. Hausa-Fulani Culture is spread on the West and North of the country. Most cultures in Nigeria especially the hausa-fulani tribe forbids pork and therefore do not it eat it. This ethnic group is well known in West Africa. The Hausa cultural practices stand unique in Nigeria and have withstood the test of time due to strong traditions, cultural pride as well as an efficient precolonial native system of government. DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES BETWEEN THE YORUBA, IGBO AND HAUSA TRADITIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEMS IN NIGERIA Family Life Yoruba: Family life is the foundation of Yoruba culture, as I have learned and I have been told and shown. Besides being generally spoken throughout Northern Nigeria, its motherland, Hausa … The Hausa-speaking people of Africa occupy mainly the savannah belt, including Niger, Benin, Chad, Ghana and Nigeria. Created as a colonial entity by the British, Nigeria was divided between a mainly Muslim north and a mainly Christian and animist south. Hausa: history, culture, traditions, dressing, food, interesting facts . Hausas are about half of Nigeria population and speaks Hausa language though different tribes among the Hausa have local languages. In addition, several advanced degrees (Masters and PhD) are offered in Hausa in various universities in the UK, US, and Germany. The objectives of her conquests were twofold: extension of her nation beyond its primary borders and reducing the conquered cities to a vassal status. A Hausa boy wearing traditional cloths (Babban riga and rawani), A teenage Hausa boy wearing traditional cloths, An adult Hausa man in Babban riga and Alasho, Aisha Buhari wearing Hausa clothes and hijab, which consists of the kallabi matching the dress cloth design, and gyale draped over the shoulder or front, Turai Yar'adua wearing atampa and dan kwali, note the henna designs on the fingertips instead of nail polish, Kannywood actress wearing gyale in Hausa style, along with henna applied on fingers, The architecture of the Hausa is perhaps one of the least known but most beautiful of the medieval age. It is believed to be the product of an ancestral nation that branched to create the Hausa, the people of Gwandara language, Biram, Kanuri, Nupe peoples, the Kwatarkwashi Culture of Tsafe or Chafe in present-day Zamfara State located to the North west of Nok is thought to be the same as or an earlier ancestor of the Nok. There is a large and growing printed literature in Hausa, which includes novels, poetry, plays, instruction in Islamic practice, books on development issues, newspapers, news magazines, and technical academic works. The Empire arose in today’s North-Western and North-Central Nigeria. This paper discusses about the issues that hinder the development of Hausa people of Nigeria. Nigeria’s culture is made up of several ethnic groups that speak 527 different languages. (2009) found the Hausa to be most closely related to Nilo-Saharan populations from Chad and South Sudan. This was the meeting point between culture and Islam in Hausaland. Hausa is used as the language of instruction at the elementary level in schools in northern Nigeria, and Hausa is available as course of study in northern Nigerian universities. The Hausa remain pre-eminent in Northern Nigeria. It is one of the biggest communities here and it has some really unique traditions and cultural practices. Functions Of Kinship System In Nigeria Culture: So many functions have been seen carried out within the kinship system in Nigeria. At times the facades may be decorated with various abstract relief designs, sometimes painted in vivid colours to convey information about the occupant.[79]. The Muslim religion became the factor that united two similar (but still a bit different) cultures into one Hausa-Fulani Culture. These large flowing gowns usually feature elaborate embroidery designs around the neck and chest area. It is fought in rounds of three or less which have no time limits. [citation needed], Jared Diamond, 'Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies' (1997) Chapter 19, Duncan E. Miller and N.J. Van Der Merwe, 'Early Metal Working in Sub Saharan Africa', Minze Stuiver and N.J. Van Der Merwe, 'Radiocarbon Chronology of the Iron Age in Sub-Saharan Africa', zodml.org/discover-nigeria/heritage-and-culture/gobarau-minaret#.VTGE1yHBzGc, 247nigerianewsupdate.co/in-defense-of-muric-bring-back-our-ajami-by-abdulbaqi-aliyu-jari/. S15). Zazzau 7. Marriage. (Shillington 338). This is the list of their culture and tradition below: Eating pork or consuming swine products. Kano 3. olygamy in the marriage in the culture is allowed as well as divorce. A shared tradition with other Afro-Asiatic speakers like Berbers, Habesha, (ancient) Egyptians and Arab peoples, both Hausa men and women use kohl ('kwalli') around the eyes as an eye shadow, with the area below the eye receiving a thicker line than that of the top. Although the origin of these cultures remains a mystery, legend holds that Bayajidda, a traveler from the Middle East, married the Queen of Daura and bore him seven sons. The British forces won, sending Attahiru I and thousands of followers on a Mahdist hijra.[63]. This area is mostly semiarid grassland or savanna, dotted with cities surrounded by farming communities. Ever before the commencement of colonialism, the people of what later became known as Nigeria were living under different administration or political arrangements. Nok's social system is thought to have been highly advanced. The four largest ethnic groups are the Hausa and Fulani who are predominant in the north, the Igbo who are predominant in the southeast, and the Yoruba who are predominant in the southwest. She subsequently built many of these fortifications, which became known as ganuwar Amina or Amina's walls, around various conquered cities. Hausa traditional housing is informed and shaped by the culture of the people and their religious belief. The Hausa aristocracy had historically developed an equestrian based culture. Their dress code is set by the strong religious belief so you can often meet men in flowing gown called Babban riga. [52] The primary exports were leather, gold, cloth, salt, kola nuts, slaves, animal hides, and henna. The Hausa of Gobir, also in northern Nigeria, speak the oldest surviving classical vernacular of the language. Hausa is the oldest known written language in West Africa, dating back to before 1000 C.E. The Nok culture is considered to be the earliest sub-Saharan producer of life-sized Terracotta. They reside mostly in the northern part of the country known to them as Arewa which is loosely translated as Northern Nigeria. Today, the current Sultan of Sokoto is regarded as the traditional religious leader (Sarkin Musulmi) of Sunni Hausa-Fulani in Nigeria and beyond. Some of the most prominent ethnic groupsinclude the likes of the Fulani, Hausa, Igbo, Yoruba, and Ijaw. Through the Hausa language, it is thus possible to convey a very specific concept of the perception of health within the society. Other designs may include a line along the bridge of the nose, or a single pair of small symmetical dots on the cheeks. Kurmi Market is among the oldest and largest local markets in Africa. "Within two years the peasant farmers of Hausaland were producing so many tonnes of groundnuts that the railway was unable to cope with the traffic. It shows five horizontal stripes—from top to bottom in red, yellow, indigo blue, green, and khaki beige. The minaret is believed to be one of West Africa's first multi-storey buildings and was once the tallest building in Katsina. Although the origin of these cultures remains a mystery, legend holds that Bayajidda, a traveler from the Middle East, married the Queen of Daura and bore him seven sons. All of these various ethnic groups among and around the Hausa live in the vast and open lands of the Sahel, Saharan and Sudanian regions, and as a result of the geography and the criss crossing network of traditional African trade routes, have had their cultures heavily influenced by their Hausa neighbours, as noted by T.L. The Hausa/Fulani people of Northern Nigeria are often grouped as one, since they have co-existed for generations and have intertwined cultures and traditions. The Nok culture appeared in northern Nigeria around 1000 BCE and vanished under unknown circumstances around 300 AD in the region of West Africa. [57][58] Muhammad Rumfa was also responsible for much of the Islamisation of Kano, as he urged prominent residents to convert. In time, the writers spurred a unique genre known as Kano market literature — so named because the books are often self-published and sold in the markets of Nigeria. (SAQ 1.1, and 1.3) 5.3 Northern Zone. by Dr. Michael Egbosiuba . He reigned from 1463 until 1499. Hausa traditional marriage is based mostly on Islam. It is a 50-foot edifice located in the centre of the city of Katsina, the capital of Katsina State. Below is a list of some facts about the Hausa tribe: The Hausa tribe, as the largest tribe in Nigeria, is also the second largest in the whole of Africa. Traditional marriage in Hausa land is less expensive than that of the Igbos and Yoruba cultures. It was in Daura where he met the king if … The Hausa language is written in Arabic characters, and about one quarter of Hausa words are made up of Arabic. The Hausa are one of the largest ethnic groups in Africa, with populations in Nigeria, Niger, and Ghana. [68] Boko is a Latin alphabet used to write the Hausa language. [23] Daura city is the cultural center of the Hausa people. With the help of an anthropologist that has studied several Nigerian ethnic groups we will learn about their daily live and taboos. Most Nigerians will agree that majority of Nigerian foods are produced or cultivated in the Northern part of... Dressing. The group speaks the Hausa language that has many dialects. [82], An older and traditionally established motif of Hausa identity, the 'Dagin Arewa' eternal knot in a star shape, is used in historic architecture, design and embroidery. History and Origin of the Hausa & Fulani Tribes in Nigeria: their Culture & Religion. Consequently, and in spite of strong competition from western European culture as adopted by their southern Nigerian counterparts, have maintained a rich and peculiar mode of dressing, food, language, marriage system, education system, traditional architecture, sports, music and other forms of traditional entertainment. The refinement of this culture is attested to by the image of a Nok dignitary at the Minneapolis Institute of Arts. The capital is Abuja. Sheikh Usman Dan Fodio fled Gobir and from his sanctuary declared Jihad on its king and all Habe dynasty kings for their alleged greed, paganism, injustices against the peasant class, use of heavy taxation and violation of the standards of Sharia law. The gates are as old as the walls and were used to control movement of people in and out of the city. The first boko was devised by Europeans in the early 19th century,[69] and developed in the early 20th century by the British (mostly) and French colonial authorities. that were originally organized to celebrate harvests but over the generations developed into sporting events for entertainment purposes. Their culture is akin reflection of the Arabian culture. Where the … In other words, all the Hausa people share similar beliefs and customs. In the Hausa culture, […] It is also one of the largest tribes in West Africa. The Hausa tribe is one of the three prominent ethnic groups in Nigeria. Analyses of mtDNA provide evidence for divergence ~8,000 ya of a distinct mtDNA lineage present at high frequency in the Chadic populations and suggest an East African origin for most mtDNA lineages in these populations (S100)."[74]. Islamic Shari’a law is loosely the law of the land in Hausa areas, well understood by any Islamic scholar or teacher, known in Hausa as a m'allam, mallan or malam (see Maulana). This is usually done by drawing a vertical line from below the bottom lip down to the chin. Tie-dye techniques have been used in the Hausa region of West Africa for centuries with renowned indigo dye pits located in and around Kano, Nigeria.
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