In April 2009, protests by the National United Front of Democracy Against Dictatorship (UDD, or "Red Shirts") forced the cancellation of the Fourth East Asia Summit after protesters stormed the Royal Cliff Hotel venue in Pattaya, smashing the glass doors of the venue to gain entry, and a blockade prevented the Chinese premier at the time, Wen Jiabao, from attending. [64][65][66][67] Red Shirts continued to hold a position in the business district of Bangkok and it was shut down for several weeks. Educational opportunities and exposure to mass media increased during the Vietnam War years. Exiled King Ananda returns. Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon, the Khmer Empire and Malay states of the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra ruled the region. During the 11th century, Hariphunchai waged lengthy wars with the Tai Ngoenyang Kingdom of Chiang Saen. During the early 20th century archaeological excavations led by George Coedès found Nakhon Pathom Province to be a centre of Dvaravati culture. After the coup of removing Taksin, it is probable that Chakri and his family had planned the ascent to the throne already during his predecessor Taksin. In August Pridi was forced to resign amid suspicion that he had been involved in the regicide. The ensuing third siege captured Ayutthaya in 1569 and Bayinnaung made Mahathammarachathirat his vassal king.[23]. 3 Min Read. Besides King Taksin, who had organised his force in the southeastern provinces, Prince Teppipit, King Boromakot's son, who had been unsuccessful in a diversionary action against the Burmese in 1766, had set himself up as the ruler of Phimai holding sway over the eastern provinces including Nakhon Ratchasima or Khorat, while the Governor of Phitsanulok, whose first name was Ruang (Thai:เรือง), had proclaimed himself independent, with the territory under his control extending to the province of Nakhon Sawan. How is it worn? On 13 October 2016, King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand died at the age of 89, in Siriraj Hospital in Bangkok. In particular, British traders such as Robert Hunter ("discoverer" of the conjoined brothers Chang and Eng, the original "Siamese twins") or James Hayes, but also missionaries from Europe and the United States like Jacob Tomlin, Karl Gützlaff, Dan Beach Bradley and Jean-Baptiste Pallegoix became active in Siam. Works from Chinese, Mon, Javanese, Persian, and Indian languages were translated into Thai. Thailand profile - timeline Rise of modern Thailand. 2016 October - King Bhumibol Adulyadej, the world's longest reigning monarch, dies at the age of 88 after 70 years on the throne. Established the company on 11 June to import shrimp feed from Taiwan and raise black tiger shrimp. By 1942 he had issued a series of cultural decrees' '(ratthaniyom)' or Thai cultural mandates, which reflected the desire for social modernisation, but also an authoritarian and exaggerated nationalist spirit. The Foundations: 1818 – 1880. 1991 - Military coup, the 17th since 1932. If playback doesn't begin shortly, try restarting your device. [21], Starting in the middle of the 16th century, the kingdom came under repeated attacks by the Taungoo Dynasty of Burma. Nov 4, 1868. Chavalit Yongchaiyudh of the New Aspiration party wins elections. The Vietnamese retaliated by supporting the Communist Party of Thailand's insurgency in the north, northeast, and sometimes in the south, where guerrillas co-operated with local discontented Muslims. Suthep and the PDRC led the protest, which security forces claimed that approximately 270,000 protesters joined. In the 18th century, the last phase of the kingdom arrived. At first, the farmers used stone tools but about 3,000 BC bronze was discovered. In 1887, the Indo-Chinese Union was founded. In Uncategorized. Samak Sundaravej of the Thaksin-linked People Power Party (PPP) is sworn in as prime minister. Burma's new king Bodawpaya ordered the nine Burmese armies in a surprise attack against Siam, while in 1786 the Burmese army invaded the Three Pagoda Pass. 1947 - Military coup by the wartime, pro-Japanese leader Phibun Songkhram. Modern History The Thai people established their own states in the early 20th century, with the Ayutthaya kingdom showing itself to be the most dominant for a time. This video features the history of the Indochinese peninsula from the year 1800 to the present day. [42], At war's end, Phibun was put on trial at Allied insistence on charges of having committed war crimes, mainly that of collaborating with the Axis powers. Log In. Constitutional history In the mid-nineteenth century, Thailand transitioned from a feudal state into an emerging nation-state as it opened its economy to foreign trade. The government ordered the universities to shut, but shortly afterwards allowed the students to be re-enrolled. Public opinion was still favourable to Phibun, as he was thought to have done his best to protect Thai interests, specifically using alliance with Japan to support the expansion of Thai territory in Malaya and Burma.[43]. A small group of advocates of the takeover of Western technologies and other achievements were opposed by conservative circles, which proposed a stronger isolation instead. (modern-day Cambodia). Through the availability of Chinese workers, trade, agriculture and craftsmen flourished. [12] From the sixth century on, two major mandalas ruled southern Thailand, the Kanduli and the Langkasuka. [10] Samuel Beal discovered the polity among the Chinese writings on Southeast Asia as "Duoluobodi". Constitutional monarchy introduced with parliamentary government. The earliest known inhabitation of present-day Thailand dates to the Paleolithic period, about 20,000 years ago. Stone artefacts dating to 40,000 years ago have been recovered from, e.g., Tham Lod rockshelter in Mae Hong Son and Lang Rongrien Rockshelter in Krabi, peninsular Thailand. Kanduli centred on what is now Surat Thani Province and Langasuka in Pattani Province. Foreign investment in Thailand increased 30 percent in 1987 to US$210 million, with applications for investment up 140 percent to 1,057. Fast facts and information for students, children & kids via the History Of Thailand Timeline. Thailand Timeline. Thailand Timeline is a chronology of Thai history from 1500 to 2015. Moreover, the post-war accommodations with the Allies weakened the civilian government. The Khana Ratsadon installed a constitutional monarchy with Prajadhipok as king at the top – a corresponding constitution was proclaimed on 10 December of the year. For up to one million years prior to the arrival of Homo sapiens, the region was home to Homo erectus, such as Lampang Man, whose fossilized remains were discovered in 1999. The city briefly dominated the area under King Ram Khamhaeng, who tradition and legend states established the Thai alphabet, but after his death in 1365, Sukhothai fell into decline and became subject to another emerging Thai state, the Ayutthaya Kingdom in the lower Chao Phraya area. History Ancient History. Rama I also attempted unsuccessfully to conquer the important trading ports of Tenasserim. For the first time, the Tai people made contact with the Indianized civilisations of Southeast Asia. The history of Thailand is quite broad and key periods will be discussed in brief below. In the following year, Siam had to recognise the pre-conquest status after tough negotiations with the British envoy John Crawfurd. Railway network developed. Led from within Thailand from the office of the regent Pridi, it operated freely, often with support from members of the royal family such as Prince Chula Chakrabongse, and members of the government. One was to relocate the capital from Bangkok to a remote site in the jungle near Phetchabun in north-central Thailand. All the events are represented on the interactive timeline and can be visualized. The treaty stated that Siam relinquished their claims over Kelantan, Terengganu, Kedah and Perlis to Great Britain, which were previously part of the semi-independent Malay sultanates of Pattani and Kedah. In December 1945, the young king Ananda Mahidol had returned to Siam from Europe, but in June 1946 he was found shot dead in his bed, under mysterious circumstances. Whenever there’s news about violence in southern Thailand, Thaiger readers may wonder who’s fighting who, and why. [57] This interim constitution was later surpassed by the permanent constitution on 24 August 2007. Free elections are held. The southern provinces as far north as Chumphon, a Pra Palad who was the acting Governor of Nakhon Si Thammarat declared his independence and raised himself to a princely rank. However, the first Chinese rebellions had to be suppressed. The Simhanavati legend tells us that a Tai chief named Simhanavati drove out the native Wa people and founded the city of Chiang Saen around 800 CE. This began with smaller conflicts in 1940 and resulted in the Franco-Thai War in 1941. The Empire of Japan, already the dominant power in the Southeast Asian region, took over the role of the mediator. Capital becomes Bangkok. [77][78] On the same day, the military imposed a curfew between the hours of 22:00–05:00, ordering citizens and visitors to remain indoors during this period. When King Chulalongkorn died in 1910, Siam had achieved the borders of today's Thailand. VideoSaving green turtles... by cooling their eggs, Moscow's palatial Yeliseyevsky food hall closes, The farmers eyeing sweet success from chocolate, Why Italians have the strictest rules about food, Sound of Success: Oscars Glory for Metal movie? The last so-called ruler who still challenged the King was the Prince of Sawangburi or Chao Pra Fang, as he had just annexed Phitsanulok on the death of its Governor. He created the spiritual foundation for a kind of Thai nationalism, a phenomenon unknown in Siam. From the 9th to the 11th century the western and central regions of Thailand were occupied by a Mon civilization known as Dvaravati. The Malay prince was married to a Khmer princess who had fled an Angkorian dynastic bloodbath. Between 1961 and 1965, insurgents carried out 17 political assassinations. Bright university students learned more about ideas related to Thailand's economic and political systems, resulting in a revival of student activism. This city-state emerged in the same period as Sukhothai. [1], The country's designation as Siam by Westerners likely came from the Portuguese. The History Of Thailand Timeline provides a record of events in the order of their occurrence. In Asian financial crisis Ayutthaya's name is derived from Ayodhya, an Indian holy city. 1946 - King Ananda dies in mysterious shooting incident. The Thai established their states: Ngoenyang, the Sukhothai Kingdom, the Kingdom of Chiang Mai, Lan Na, and the Ayutthaya Kingdom. Ayutthaya became one of the most prosperous cities in Southeast Asia. The Dharmaśāstra remained a tool of Thai law until late in the 19th century. [70], In response to the protests, Yingluck dissolved parliament on 9 December 2013 and proposed a new election for 2 February 2014, a date that was later approved by the election commission. In 1896, British and French concluded a treaty which made a border between their colonies, with Siam defined as a buffer state. As a brief history it is by no means exhaustive and if you feel the need for a bit more detail please consult our reading list for some interesting books. Sarit held power until his death in 1963, when Thanom again took the lead. Wat Phrathat Doi Tong, constructed around 850, signified the piety of Tai people on the Theravada religion. Share. Early Empires. The kingdom had strong relations with the Mon Kingdom of Thaton. [5], The oldest known records of a political entity in Indochina are attributed to Funan - centered in the Mekong Delta and comprising territories inside modern day Thailand. I have backed down to the point where I don't know how to back down any further. As a brief history it is by no means exhaustive and if you feel the need for a bit more detail please consult our reading list for some interesting books. Known as industrious farmers, the Hmong are credited with being among the first people to cultivate rice and to spread this staple throughout Asia. Brief History of Thailand: The Khmer Empire ruled Thailand for many years starting the 800s until the 13th century. As a result of the mass immigration, in contrast to previous immigration waves from China, women and entire families had also come into the country, which meant that the Chinese were less assimilated and retained their cultural independence. The military was called in, and tanks rolled down Ratchadamnoen Avenue and helicopters fired down at Thammasat University. By the early 1970s rural discontent had manifested itself into a peasant's activist movement. Both parties disclaimed any idea of annexing Siamese territory.[32]. The Emerald Buddha and Wat Phra Kaeo were founded. In 1917 Siam declared war on German Empire and Austria-Hungary, mainly to gain favour with the British and the French. The states were all constantly threatened by the Khmers, Burma, and Vietnam, not to mention the presence of the French and British who were vying for colonies in Southeast Asia at the time. Having firmly established his power at Thonburi, King Taksin set out to reunify the old kingdom, crushing regional rivals. Company History. In the same year, Siam was compelled to conclude a treaty with France, in which the territory of Laos, located east of the Mekong, was annexed to French Indochina. During the reign of Rama I, the foreign policy was still focused on the threat represented by Burma. [68], On 3 July 2011, the opposition Pheu Thai Party, led by Yingluck Shinawatra (the youngest sister of Thaksin Shinawatra), won the general election by a landslide (265 seats in the House of Representatives, out of 500). Watch later. That's why Infoplease has plucked out essential details to get you started. Timeline: Thailand's Coups, Kings and Protests. Around the 10th century, the city-states of Dvaravati merged into two mandalas, the Lavo (modern Lopburi) and the Suvarnabhumi (modern Suphan Buri). [29] In the same year he founded a new capital city across the Chao Phraya River in an area known as Rattanakosin Island. Pridi Phanomyong was expelled from the charge of communism, but his economic plan was largely ignored. Without meeting much resistance, a military junta overthrew the interim government of Thaksin Shinawatra on 19 September 2006. 3 Min Read. Philadelphia: The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania. By 1955 Phibun was losing his leading position in the army to younger rivals led by Field Marshal Sarit Thanarat and General Thanom Kittikachorn, the Sarit's army staged a bloodless coup on 17 September 1957, ending Phibun's career for good. The junta later wrote a highly abbreviated interim constitution and appointed a panel to draft a new permanent constitution. Without his leadership, the civilian government foundered, and in November 1947 the army, its confidence restored after the debacle of 1945, seized power. 1350-1767 - Ayutthaya kingdom gradually brings Thailand under its control and becomes a major power in Southeast Asia. Iran's top nuclear official says an incident at its Natanz site was "nuclear terrorism". The new constitution was approved by referendum on 19 August, which led to a return to a democratic general election on 23 December 2007. Bloodless revolution ends absolute monarchy in Thailand Prajadhipok, Siamese Revolution of 1932, Abolished Monarchy, Thailand, June 24, Year 1932, Democracy, History of Thailand, Coup d'état, … In an article published by King Vajiravudh under a pseudonym, he described the Chinese minority as Jews of the East. A civilian, Anand Panyarachun, is installed as prime minister. Announced at a time of severe economic difficulty, these ideas turned many government officers against him. Traditional Thai clothing, and what is understood to be traditional Thai clothing, is a really interesting topic with a somewhat unsuspected history. With US dollars pumping up the economy, the service, transportation, and construction industries grew phenomenally as did drug abuse and prostitution, which using Thailand as a "Rest and Recreation" facility by US forces. [41] The area containing the Shan States and Kayah State was annexed by Thailand in 1942. 2016 August - Voters approve a new constitution giving the military continuing influence over the country's political life. However, the new empire was still more tightly centralised than its predecessors. 1939 - Siam changes its name to Thailand ("Land of the Free"). The Pheu Thai Party is a continuation of Thaksin's Thai Rak Thai party. Facebook is showing information to help you better understand the purpose of a Page. He had studied law and history as the Siamese crown prince in Great Britain. In 1946, after he agreed to hand back the Indochinese territories occupied in 1941 as the price for admission to the United Nations, all wartime claims against Siam were dropped and substantial US aid was received. Visit this site for this History Of Thailand Timeline detailing Key historical dates and events. Bangkok's population had grown tenfold since 1945 and had tripled since 1970. An hour later, the king appeared on national television, asking for calm, and announcing that Field Marshal Thanom Kittikachorn had been replaced with Dr. Sanya Dharmasakti, a respected law professor, as prime minister. A total of 13 clashes were recorded during that period. "Some Aspects of Asian History and Culture" by Upendra Thakur p.157, Minton F. Goldman, "Franco-British Rivalry over Siam, 1896–1904. Phra Achana, Wat Si Chum, Sukhothai Historical Park. Mainland Southeast Asia had been a home to various indigenous communities for thousands of years. Read about our approach to external linking. Three palace servants were tried and executed for his murder, although there are significant doubts as to their guilt and the case remains both murky and a highly sensitive topic in Thailand today. Shopping. History Timeline. Cornered and overwhelmed by the hostile crowd, the police responded with teargas and gunfire. 'Terrorist act' at Iranian nuclear facility. The history of the cultural-linguistic group of the Thai people 2. Ancient History of Thailand . Page Transparency See More. With chaos on the streets, King Bhumibol opened the gates of Chitralada Palace to the students who were being gunned down by the army. Saving green turtles... by cooling their eggs. An Anglo-Thai Peace Treaty was signed on 1 January 1946, and an Australian–Thai Peace Treaty on 3 April. Foreign investment in Thailand increased 30 percent in 1987 to US$210 million, with applications for investment up 140 percent to 1,057. In 1912, a Palace revolt, plotted by young military officers, tried unsuccessfully to overthrow and replace the king. King Mongkut actively promoted the expansion of agricultural land by tax incentives, while the construction of traffic routes (canals, roads and later also railways) and the influx of Chinese immigrants allowed the agricultural development of new regions. Philip was my teacher, supporter and critic - Anne, Jordan's royal family appear together after 'rift', Ecuador picks president in the shadow of Covid, Covid tests don't contain cancer-causing chemical, Saving green turtles... by cooling their eggs. Foreign relations were initially dominated by relations with the neighbouring states, while those with European colonial powers started to enter in the background. Finally, in 1767, after several months of siege, the Burmese broke through Ayutthaya's outer and inner walls, sacked the city, and burned it down. 1782 was a key moment in the history of Thailand – the moment when Chakri Dynasty was established. As early as 1855, John Bowring, the British governor in Hong Kong, appeared on a warship at the mouth of the Chao Phraya River. When a rebellion broke out in Vietnam under Rama III in 1833–34, he tried to subdue the Vietnamese militarily, but this led to a costly defeat for the Siamese troops. Thus when Rama VI died suddenly in 1925, aged only 44, the monarchy was already in a weakened state. Naresuan even invaded mainland Burma as far as Taungoo in 1600, but was driven back. Approximately 50 million people speak Thai worldwide. There was also the fact that the king had no son. He was based on the unity of nation, Buddhism, and kingship, and demanded loyalty from his subjects to all these three institutions.
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