[78], Such a move would have to be made by a combination of the Australian Federal and State Governments,[79] and has lacked sufficient political and public support. [215], Over recent decades, Australia's foreign relations have been driven by a close association with the United States through the ANZUS pact, and by a desire to develop relationships with Asia and the Pacific, particularly through Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the Pacific Islands Forum and the Pacific Community, of which Australia is a founding member. The 1996 Australian census counted more than 7000 respondents as followers of a traditional Aboriginal religion. This list is complete with respect to the 1996 Gazetteer of Australia. [43], Colloquial names for Australia include "Oz" and "the Land Down Under" (usually shortened to just "Down Under"). [35] It was also held in July in subsequent years of World War I: on 28 July 1916,[35] 27 July 1917,[36] and 26 July 1918. [281], Today, Australia has the world's eighth-largest immigrant population, with immigrants accounting for 30% of the population, a higher proportion than in any other nation with a population of over 10 million. [83] Historian Geoffrey Blainey said in 2012 that he believed 26 January worked well as Australia Day and that it was at that time more successful than it had ever been. [187], Australia is a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy. Terra Australis still saw occasional usage, such as in scientific texts. [31] South Australia celebrated Proclamation Day on 28 December. [353] Its first recipient, Patrick White, went on to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1973. Häufig wird der Kontinent Australien auch zusammen mit den im Pazifik gelegenen Inselstaaten, insbesondere aus kulturellen und politischen Gründen Neuseeland, zusammengefasst. Even taller are Mawson Peak (at 2,745 m (9,006 ft)), on the remote Australian external territory of Heard Island, and, in the Australian Antarctic Territory, Mount McClintock and Mount Menzies, at 3,492 m (11,457 ft) and 3,355 m (11,007 ft) respectively. Der Australian Shepherd ist eine von der FCI seit 1996 anerkannte Hunderasse aus den USA (FCI-Gruppe 1, Sektion 1, Standard Nr. Meeting committee appointed", "For Australia's Heroes – the other 'Australia Day', 30 July 1915", "Celebrating Australia: A History of Australia Day", "National Australia Day Council: Annual Report 2008–2009", "Obey the law at least, Abbott tells migrants", "What our leaders say about Australia Day – and where did it start, anyway? Education is the responsibility of the individual states and territories[318] so the rules vary between states, but in general children are required to attend school from the age of about 5 until about 16. Since the end of the White Australia policy in 1973, Australia has pursued an official policy of multiculturalism,[280] and there has been a large and continuing wave of immigration from across the world, with Asia being the largest source of immigrants in the 21st century. [172], Australian forests are mostly made up of evergreen species, particularly eucalyptus trees in the less arid regions; wattles replace them as the dominant species in drier regions and deserts. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. [268], Access to biocapacity in Australia is much higher than world average. How to locate your nearest UPS Access Point? [114], Surrounded by the Indian and Pacific oceans,[N 7] Australia is separated from Asia by the Arafura and Timor seas, with the Coral Sea lying off the Queensland coast, and the Tasman Sea lying between Australia and New Zealand. [81], In June 2017 the annual National General Assembly of the Australian Local Government Association voted (by a majority of 64–62) for councils to consider how to lobby the federal government for a date change. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. [382], Cricket and football are the predominate sports in Australia during the summer and winter months, respectively. [67], With the loss of its American colonies in 1783, the British Government sent a fleet of ships, the "First Fleet", under the command of Captain Arthur Phillip, to establish a new penal colony in New South Wales. in McCrone, D. and McPherson, G. (eds). [397][398] The country regularly competes among the world elite basketball teams as it is among the global top three teams in terms of qualifications to the Basketball Tournament at the Summer Olympics. [167], Although most of Australia is semi-arid or desert, the continent includes a diverse range of habitats from alpine heaths to tropical rainforests. Under the command of Naval Captain Arthur Phillip, the fleet sought to establish a penal colony at Botany Bay on the coast of New South Wales, which had been explored and claimed by Lieutenant James Cook in 1770. Im Großraum Brisbane leben über 2,5 Millionen Menschen, und die Metropolregion Südost-Queensland, deren Zentrum Brisbane ist, umfasst mehr als 3,6 Millionen Einwohner. However, since at least 1938,[7] the date of Australia Day has also been marked by Indigenous Australians and supporters mourning what is seen as the invasion of the land by the British and the start of colonisation, protesting its celebration as a national holiday. 105 talking about this. Research in 2009 indicated that Australians reflect on history and future fairly equally on Australia Day. Erst vor 200 Jahren kamen die Europäer. [354] Australian Booker Prize winners include Peter Carey, Thomas Keneally and Richard Flanagan. Hobart (/ ˈ h oʊ b ɑːr t / (),) is the capital and most populous city of the Australian island state of Tasmania.Home to almost half of all Tasmanians, it is the least populated Australian state capital city, and second smallest if territories are taken into account, after Darwin, Northern Territory. [84], A series of gold rushes beginning in the early 1850s led to an influx of new migrants from China, North America and continental Europe,[85] and also spurred outbreaks of bushranging and civil unrest; the latter peaked in 1854 when Ballarat miners launched the Eureka Rebellion against gold license fees. Shipping and Delivery How long does delivery take? Some reasons put forward are that the current date, celebrating the foundation of the Colony of New South Wales, lacks national significance;[76] that the day falls during school holidays which limits the engagement of schoolchildren in the event;[76] and that it fails to encompass members of the indigenous community and some others who perceive the day as commemorating the date of an invasion of their land. [257] The Howard Government followed with a partial deregulation of the labour market and the further privatisation of state-owned businesses, most notably in the telecommunications industry. [25] These included street parties, concerts, including performances on the steps and forecourt of the Sydney Opera House and at many other public venues, art and literary competitions, historic re-enactments, and the opening of the Powerhouse Museum at its new location. [240] It was identified by the Credit Suisse Research Institute as the nation with the highest median wealth in the world and the second-highest average wealth per adult in 2013. A founding member country of the United Nations, Australia is strongly committed to multilateralism[231] and maintains an international aid program under which some 60 countries receive assistance. Hobart is located in Tasmania's south-east on the estuary of the River Derwent, making it the most southern of … ", "World Economic Outlook (WEO) 2010 Rebalancing Growth", "Australia slashes immigration as recession looms", "Australian economy growing as new recession fears fade", "National economy grows but some non-mining states in recession", "Australian Monetary Policy in the Last Quarter of the Twentieth Century", "Microeconomic reforms and the revival in Australia's growth in productivity and living standards", "The Implementation Costs of the GST in Australia: Concepts, Preliminary Estimates and Implications", "Part 1: Australian Government Budget Outcome", 6202.0 – Labour Force, Australia, April 2012, "GradStats: Employment and Salary Outcomes of Recent Higher Education Graduates, December 2014", "Reserve bank slashes interest rate to historic low of 0.1% in bid to prop up Australian economy", "Ecological Footprint Accounting for Countries: Updates and Results of the National Footprint Accounts, 2012–2018", "Report shows three million people in poverty in Australia and why we must act to support each other – ACOSS", "United Nations Population Division – Department of Economic and Social Affairs", "3218.0 - Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2018-19", "Table 5.1 Estimated resident population, by country of birth(a), Australia, as at 30 June, 1996 to 2019(b)(c)", "The Evolution of Australia's Multicultural Policy", "Main Features – Cultural Diversity Article", "2016 Census Community Profiles: Australia", "Feature Article – Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Australia (Feature Article)", "Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Population", "Indigenous health gap closes by five years", "National Indigenous Languages Survey Report 2005", "4713.0 – Population Characteristics, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, 2006", "Census 2016, Language spoken at home by Sex (SA2+)", "Indigenous Traditions – Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders", "2011 Census reveals Hinduism as the fastest growing religion in Australia", "Australia 'among world's least religious countries, "3302.0.55.001 – Life Tables, States, Territories and Australia, 2014–2016", % Global prevalence of adult obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m, "Thousands of parents illegally home schooling", "The Department of Education – Schools and You – Schooling", "Australian Education | Australian Education System | Education | Study in Australia", "The Most Educated Countries in the World – Yahoo Finance", "And the World's Most Educated Country Is ...", "Subscribe to The Australian | Newspaper home delivery, website, iPad, iPhone & Android apps", "Australian universities double down on international students", "Record number of international students sticking around on work visas", "About Australia: World Heritage properties", Australia's Nobel Laureates and the Nobel Prize, "Australia's Booker prize record suggests others will come in Flanagan's wake", "Tranter, John (1977) A warrior poet living still at Anzac Cove: Review of, "Evaluation of the Orchestras Review 2005 funding package implementation", "35 per cent increase in funding for Australia's major performing arts companies", "The first wave of Australian feature film production", "Australian Identity: A Cinematic Roll Call", "Australian film has had its biggest year at the box office ever. [151] The Australian continent is moving toward Eurasia at the rate of 6 to 7 centimetres a year. The next most common languages spoken at home are Mandarin (2.5%), Arabic (1.4%), Cantonese (1.2%), Vietnamese (1.2%) and Italian (1.2%). [249], An emphasis on exporting commodities rather than manufactured goods has underpinned a significant increase in Australia's terms of trade since the start of the 21st century, due to rising commodity prices. It doesn’t belong to a state but it is in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT).. Canberra was started in 1913 and in the middle of the city is Lake Burley-Griffin . [396] In June 2020, Australia won its bid to co-host the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup with New Zealand. kangaroos: large males are 2 metres tall (6ft 7 inches) and weigh 90 kg (200 lb). [66] The City of Darebin later followed suit. [202][203] Within Australian political culture, the Coalition is considered centre-right and the Labor Party is considered centre-left. The Australia Day Achievement Medallion is awarded to citizens by local governments based on excellence in both government and non-government organisations. In 2011, 385 ambassadors participated in 384 local community celebrations. [1], The meaning and significance of Australia Day has evolved and been contested over time, and not all states have celebrated the same date as their date of historical significance. Charlotte was blown dangerously close to rocks; Friendship and Prince of Wales became entangled, both ships losing booms or sails; Charlotte and the Friendship actually collided; and Lady Penrhyn nearly ran aground. Voting is compulsory for all enrolled citizens 18 years and over in every jurisdiction,[199] as is enrolment (with the exception of South Australia). This means they use half as much biocapacity as Australia contains. It was known as Tallawoladah by the Cadigal people. [4] Although it was not known as Australia Day until over a century later, records of celebrations on 26 January date back to 1808, with the first official celebration of the formation of New South Wales held in 1818. [26] This began a tradition that was retained by the Governors that were to follow.[22]. After dinner a number of loyal toasts were drank, and a number of festive songs given; and about 10 the company parted, well gratified with the pleasures that the meeting had afforded. Australia's largest export markets are Japan, China, the United States, South Korea, and New Zealand. [3] The date of 26 January 1788 marked the proclamation of British sovereignty over the eastern seaboard of Australia (then known as New Holland). [329] About 58% of Australians aged from 25 to 64 have vocational or tertiary qualifications,[267] and the tertiary graduation rate of 49% is the highest among OECD countries. Große Verluste gab es bei den Buschbränden in Australien 2019/2020: Unter anderem wird geschätzt, dass bis Mitte Januar von den rund 80.000 in Australien lebenden Koalas etwa 33.000 ums Leben kamen. [125] The population density is 3.2 inhabitants per square kilometre, although a large proportion of the population lives along the temperate south-eastern coastline. [109] Since 1951, Australia has been a formal military ally of the United States, under the ANZUS treaty. [110], After World War II, Australia encouraged immigration from mainland Europe. He replied: "And remind them that we have robbed them? [337][338] The divergence and evolution that has occurred in the ensuing centuries has resulted in a distinctive Australian culture. Australien als Kontinent umfasst eine Hauptlandmasse, das australische Festland, und die vorgelagerten Inseln Tasmanien und Neuguinea. [175] Many animal and plant species became extinct soon after first human settlement,[176] including the Australian megafauna; others have disappeared since European settlement, among them the thylacine. [121], Mainland Australia lies between latitudes 9° and 44° South, and longitudes 112° and 154° East. Australia is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, in which the Commonwealth Heads of Government meetings provide the main forum for co-operation. [27] However, some of the celebrations had gained an air of elitism, with the "United Australians" dinner being limited to those born in Australia. Steckbrief Australien. [314], School attendance, or registration for home schooling,[317] is compulsory throughout Australia. [28][282] 160,323 permanent immigrants were admitted to Australia in 2018–2019 (excluding refugees),[281] whilst there was a net population gain of 239,600 people from all permanent and temporary immigration in that year. [85][86], A poll conducted by progressive public policy think tank The Australia Institute in 2018 found that 56% do not mind what day it is held. [10][11] However, support for changing the date has remained a minority position.[12][13][14]. [298], Australia has no state religion; Section 116 of the Australian Constitution prohibits the federal government from making any law to establish any religion, impose any religious observance, or prohibit the free exercise of any religion. [283] In 2019, the largest foreign-born populations were those born in England (3.9%), Mainland China (2.7%), India (2.6%), New Zealand (2.2%), the Philippines (1.2%) and Vietnam (1%). In 1910, South Australia adopted 26 January as "Foundation Day",[22] to replace another holiday known as Accession Day, which had been held on 22 January to mark the accession to the throne of King Edward VII, who died in May 1910. Common names. [269], In 2020 ACOSS released a new report revealing that poverty is growing in Australia, with an estimated 3.2 million people, or 13.6% of the population, living below the internationally accepted poverty line of 50% of a country's median income. [174] The dingo was introduced by Austronesian people who traded with Indigenous Australians around 3000 BCE. With community festivals, concerts and citizenship ceremonies, the day is celebrated in large and small communities and cities around the nation. Among Indigenous Australians, however, only 23% felt positive about Australia Day, 31% were negative and 30% had mixed feelings, with 54% favouring a change of date. Brisbane ist die Hauptstadt und die bevölkerungsreichste Stadt des australischen Bundesstaates Queensland und die drittbevölkerungsreichste Stadt Australiens. It is Australia's fourth-most populous city, with a population of 2.1 million living in Greater Perth in 2018. Polls Vary Depending On What Is Asked", "Australia Day: Most Australians don't mind what date it's held, according to new poll", "Australia Day poll: While many believe date shouldn't offend, many ignore significance of Jan 26", "Barbeques and black armbands | Social Research Centre", "Australia Day poll shows how attitudes to changing the date have shifted", "Almost half oppose campaign to change Australia Day: poll", "Australia Day: let's shift it for a truly national celebration", "We only became independent of Britain on this day in 1986", "Change the date: When should Australia Day be held? [112] The Australia Act 1986 severed the remaining constitutional ties between Australia and the United Kingdom. Then, according to Phillip's account:[17] .mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}. As a result, Australia is running a biocapacity reserve. [65], In August 2017 the council of the City of Yarra, a local government of Melbourne, resolved unanimously that it would no longer refer to 26 January as Australia Day and would cease to hold citizenship ceremonies on that day; an event acknowledging Aboriginal culture and history was to be held instead. [40], In 1988, the celebration of 200 years since the arrival of the First Fleet was organised on a large scale, with many significant events taking place in all major cities. [252][253] From 2012 to early 2013, Australia's national economy grew, but some non-mining states and Australia's non-mining economy experienced a recession. [29] Following in his footsteps, Henry Lawson and Banjo Paterson captured the experience of the bush using a distinctive Australian vocabulary. [89], On 1 January 1901, federation of the colonies was achieved after a decade of planning, consultation and voting. Alle interessanten Informationen zu Australien im Steckbrief mit Zahlen, Daten und Fakten. Der aktuelle Rassestandard des ASCA trat 1977 in Kraft. Other landrace types that oral histories commonly attribute to Australian Shepherd ancestry include … [132][133][134][135] The northernmost point of the mainland is the tropical Cape York Peninsula. Australia generates its income from various sources, including mining-related exports, telecommunications, banking, manufacturing, and international education.[23][24][25]. In Tasmania, Regatta Day occurred initially in December to mark the anniversary of the landing of Abel Tasman. [56] In 1888, prior to the first centennial anniversary of the First Fleet landing on 26 January 1788, New South Wales premier Henry Parkes was asked about inclusion of Aboriginal people in the celebrations. [37], Victoria adopted 26 January as Australia Day in 1931,[25] and by 1935, all states of Australia were celebrating 26 January as Australia Day (although it was still known as Anniversary Day in New South Wales). [76] Connected to this is the suggestion that moving the date would be seen as a significant symbolic act. [22], In 1888, all colonial capitals except Adelaide celebrated "Anniversary Day". [5], In contemporary Australia, the holiday is marked by the presentation of the Australian of the Year Awards on Australia Day Eve, announcement of the Australia Day Honours list and addresses from the governor-general and prime minister. [57] The Torres Strait Islanders, ethnically Melanesian, obtained their livelihood from seasonal horticulture and the resources of their reefs and seas. [61] He sighted the coast of Cape York Peninsula in early 1606, and made landfall on 26 February 1606 at the Pennefather River near the modern town of Weipa on Cape York. [80] The Northern Territory was excised from South Australia in 1911. Prominent features of the centre and south include Uluru (also known as Ayers Rock), the famous sandstone monolith, and the inland Simpson, Tirari and Sturt Stony, Gibson, Great Sandy, Tanami, and Great Victoria deserts, with the famous Nullarbor Plain on the southern coast. They returned to Botany Bay on the evening of 23 January, when Phillip gave orders to move the fleet to Sydney Cove the next morning, 24 January. Seit den frühen 1990er Jahren führt der American Kennel Club (AKC) ein Zuchtb… [63] The Dutch charted the whole of the western and northern coastlines and named the island continent "New Holland" during the 17th century, and although no attempt at settlement was made,[62] a number of shipwrecks left men either stranded or, as in the case of the Batavia in 1629, marooned for mutiny and murder, thus becoming the first Europeans to permanently inhabit the continent. However, if any ports have been gazetted or deleted since 1996, this list does not reflect these changes. [350] In the 1870s, Adam Lindsay Gordon posthumously became the first Australian poet to attain a wide readership. [212] In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. 774 likes. [345] While the school remained influential into the 1900s, modernists such as Margaret Preston, and, later, Sidney Nolan and Arthur Boyd, explored new artistic trends. [271][272], Australia has an average population density of 3.4 persons per square kilometre of total land area, which makes it is one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world. [387] The surf lifesaving movement originated in Australia, and the volunteer lifesaver is one of the country's icons. [163] Australia's greenhouse gas emissions per capita are among the highest in the world. The dingo (plural: dingoes or dingos) is a mammal found in Australia and South-East Asia. Most dingos in the wild are no longer purebreed dingos. [72] A government policy of "assimilation" beginning with the Aboriginal Protection Act 1869 resulted in the removal of many Aboriginal children from their families and communities—referred to as the Stolen Generations — a practice which also contributed to the decline in the indigenous population. [125] The south-west corner of the country has a Mediterranean climate. [76] In 1813, Gregory Blaxland, William Lawson and William Wentworth crossed the Blue Mountains west of Sydney, opening the interior to European settlement. [362] Ballet and dance are represented by The Australian Ballet and various state companies. Australia is the oldest,[16] flattest,[17] and driest inhabited continent,[18][19] with the least fertile soils. [185] Australia was ranked 21st out of 178 countries in the world on the 2018 Environmental Performance Index. [355] Authors David Malouf, Germaine Greer, Helen Garner, playwright David Williamson and poet Les Murray are also renowned. [370], Australia has two public broadcasters (the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and the multicultural Special Broadcasting Service), three commercial television networks, several pay-TV services,[371] and numerous public, non-profit television and radio stations. Perth is part of the South West Land Division of Western Australia, with most of the metropolitan area on the Swan Coastal Plain between the Indian Ocean and the Darling Scarp.The city has expanded outward … ", Australian territorial claim in the Antarctic, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, National Strategy for the Conservation of Australia's Biological Diversity, Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia, Australia–United States Free Trade Agreement, Australia–New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement, Median household income in Australia and New Zealand, partial deregulation of the labour market, List of cities in Australia by population, most sparsely populated countries in the world, Basketball Tournament at the Summer Olympics, "16. Robinson, G.M., Loughran, R.J., and Tranter, P.J. [44], Human habitation of the Australian continent is known to have begun at least 65,000 years ago,[45][46] with the migration of people by land bridges and short sea-crossings from what is now Southeast Asia. [159][160] These factors cause rainfall to vary markedly from year to year. [164], Water restrictions are frequently in place in many regions and cities of Australia in response to chronic shortages due to urban population increases and localised drought. 2019 was Australia's warmest recorded year,[162] and the 2019–2020 bushfire season was the country's worst on record. Australien ist nicht nur ein Land, sondern sogar ein ganzer Kontinent - der kleinste Kontinent der Erde. The collection of stories that it contains shaped Aboriginal law and customs. [270] In 2016 Australia used 6.6 global hectares of biocapacity per person – their ecological footprint of consumption.
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