", The trauma of the early 1970s was quickly left behind, starting in 1974 with the 1974 FIFA World Cup and the opening of the Stuttgart S-Bahn on 1 October 1978 with a scheduled three routes. The city and metropolitan area are consistently ranked among the top 20 European metropolitan areas by GDP; Mercer listed Stuttgart as 21st on its 2015 list of cities by quality of living,[a][6] innovation agency 2thinknow ranked the city 24th globally out of 442 cities[b][7] and the Globalization and World Cities Research Network ranked the city as a Beta-status global city in their 2014 survey. Königstraße, Stuttgart's most important shopping street which runs along the northwestern edge of Schlossplatz, claims to be the longest pedestrianized street in Germany.[139]. LBBW Bank, Wüstenrot & Württembergische, Allianz Life Assurance). Stuttgart has been reworked in the 1.32 update and will be reworked again in the 1.40 update. [53] This progress was almost entirely undone when French soldiers under Ezéchiel du Mas appeared outside the city's walls in 1688 during the Nine Years' War,[53] but the city was saved from another sack due to the diplomatic ability of Magdalena Sibylla,[53] reigning over Württemberg as regent for her son,[54] Eberhard Ludwig.[55]. Beyond bridges over an adjacent main road lies the final Green U park, Killesbergpark or 'Höhenpark' which is a former quarry that was converted for the Third Reich garden show of 1939 (and was used as a collection point for Jews awaiting transportation to concentration camps). Stuttgart is on the river Neckar. The early 1320s were an important one for Stuttgart: Eberhard I moved the seat of the county to the city to a new and expanded castle,[38] the collegiate church in Beutelsbach, where previous members of the Württemberg dynasty had been buried prior to its destruction in 1311,[37] moved to its current location in Stuttgart in 1320,[37] and the town's Stiftkirche was expanded into an abbey, and the control of the Martinskirche by the Bishopric of Constance was broken by Papal order in 1321. [25] After the catastrophic defeat of the Protestant Heilbronn League by the Habsburgs at Nörlingen in 1634, Duke Eberhard III and his court fled in exile to Strasbourg, abandoning the Duchy to looting by pro-Habsburg forces. Many leading companies in the financial services sector are headquartered in Stuttgart with around 100 credit institutes in total (e.g. This article also includes the village of Wolfschlugen. Stuttgart has one airport , located in Leinfelden-Echterdingen.Various airlines including low cost airline TUI serve direct flight connections between Stuttgart and major German and European cities. [73] From 1841 to 1846, the Jubiläumssäule was erected on the Schlossplatz before the New Palace according to the plans of Johann Michael Knapp to celebrate the rule of King Wilhelm I. [citation needed] The etymology of the name "Cannstatt" is not clear, but as the site is mentioned as condistat in the Annals of Metz (9th century),[citation needed] it is mostly derived from the Latin word condita ("foundation"), suggesting that the name of the Roman settlement might have had the prefix "Condi-." Stuttgart is currently [when?] It also operates international services to Strasbourg, Vienna, Zürich and Paris (five times a day, journey time 3 hours 11 minutes). Six matches, three of them second round matches, including the 3rd and 4th place playoff, were played at the Gottlieb Daimler Stadium (today Mercedes-Benz Arena). In 1871, Württemberg joined the German Empire created by Otto von Bismarck, Prime Minister of Prussia, during the Unification of Germany, as an autonomous kingdom. The Roman Empire conquered the area in 83 AD and built a massive castrum near Bad Cannstatt, making it the most important regional centre for several centuries. the sixth largest German city and Stuttgart Region is the nation's third largest region. More than half of the population today is not of Swabian background, as many non-Swabian Germans have moved here due to the employment situation, which is far better than in most areas of Germany. Today, four of these schools are located in Stuttgart. The Stuttgart Stock Exchange is the second largest in Germany (after Frankfurt). The city's population, halved by the Second World War, began sudden growth with the mass influx of German refugees expelled from their homes and communities by the Soviets from the late 1940s until 1950 to the city. In December 2011, 613,392 people live there.[4]. The next major air raid on Stuttgart occurred 15 September 1918, when structural damage caused house collapses that killed eleven people. 503 likes. The city boasts the largest mineral water deposits in Europe after Budapest,[139][141] with over 250 springs within the urban area.[141]. Despite being the capital and seat of the Duchy, the general staff of the Army of Württemberg was not present in the city. It transmits on FM on 102.3 MHz from Fernmeldeturm Frauenkopf and on AM on 1143 kHz from Hirschlanden transmitter. As a result, it is considered to be the starting point of the worldwide automotive industry and is sometimes referred to as the 'cradle of the automobile'. One of the headquarters of the public Südwestrundfunk (SWR; Southwest Broadcasting) channels (several radio and one TV channel; regional focus on the southwestern German States of Baden-Württemberg and Rhineland-Palatinate) is located in Stuttgart (the other ones being Baden-Baden and Mainz). Stuttgart Rebels EC, plays in the "Landesliga" (4th tier) at the Waldau ice rink in Degerloch. "When French troops occupied Stuttgart – which was meant to form part of the American Zone as the capital of Württemberg – the Americans ordered them to leave. The French 5th Armored Division then captured Stuttgart on 21 April 1945, encountering little resistance. [165], The city of Stuttgart is administratively divided into 23 city districts[166] – five "inner" districts and 18 "outer" districts. Stuttgart's Swabian cuisine, beer and wine have been produced in the area since the 17th century and are now famous throughout Germany and beyond. The first is the Hop-on Hop-off bus tour (also called the CityTour Stuttgart), lasting from 10 AM to 4 PM that takes visitors around the city. In March 1946 the US Army established a unit of the US Constabulary and a headquarters at Kurmärker Kaserne (later renamed Patch Barracks) in Stuttgart. It forms the center of the library system of the University, ensuring the supply of research, teaching and studies with literature and other information resources. Meinhof had by this point already committed suicide via hanging in her cell, 9 May 1976. Together with the Badische Landesbibliothek (BLB) in Karlsruhe it also has the legal deposit for Baden-Württemberg, making it an archive library. As the capital of Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart is an important political centre in Germany and the seat of the State Parliament, or Landtag as well as all Baden-Württemberg state departments. According to a 2005 estimate, the Stuttgart urban area had between 1,238,000 and 1,250,000 people. 1 History 1.1 Early History 1.1.1 Old Stuttgart 1.1.2 Stuttgart: A New Beginning 1.1.3 Stuttgart on the Rise 1.1.4 Pressures from Rival Nations 1.1.5 Stuttgart's Possible Fall 1.1.6 Good Fortune in Bad Times 1.1.7 Stuttgart's Comeback 1.1.8 Stuttgart Reborn 2 Notable Buildings 3 Notable People 4 Government and Political Affiliation 5 Economics 6 Military It is unknown who created Stuttgart … [114] In 1986, the European Athletics Championships of that year were held in the Mercedes-Benz Arena. In the local dialects of Alemannic German it can be "Schtuegert", and in Swabian German "Stuagart"; with similar variant spellings, usually dropping the central T sound. It includes the stocks of the county and the duchy Württemberg until 1806, the Württemberg central authorities of the 19th and 20th century and the early 19th century as a result of media coverage of fallen Württemberg gentlemen and imperial cities in South Württemberg. As in the rest of Germany, football is the most popular sport in Stuttgart which is home to 'The Reds' and 'The Blues'. At the height of the Cold War over 45,000 Americans were stationed across over 40 installations in and around the city. He had grown up in a Württemberg in turmoil, and wished to rebuild its image. [136], At the center of Stuttgart lies its main square, Schlossplatz. [64] Within Stuttgart, the royal residence was expanded under Frederick although many of Stuttgart's most important buildings, including Wilhelm Palace, Katharina Hospital, the State Gallery, the Villa Berg and the Königsbau were built under the reign of King Wilhelm I. Stuttgart still experienced some growing pains even long after its recovery from the Second World War. Wine-growing in the area dates back to 1108 when, according to State archives, Blaubeuren Abbey was given vineyards in Stuttgart as a gift from 'Monk Ulrich'. The Green U starts with the old Schlossgarten, castle gardens first mentioned in records in 1350. The most prominent elevated locales in Stuttgart are the Birkenkopf (511 m (1,677 ft)) on the edge of the Stuttgart basin, the Württemberg (411 m (1,348 ft)) rising above the Neckar valley, and the Grüner Heiner (395 m (1,296 ft)) at the northeast end of the city. In 2003, 8535 crimes were committed in Stuttgart for every 100,000 inhabitants (versus the average for all German cities of 12,751). [71] Even though the Congress may have had contacts with revolutionaries in Baden and Württemberg,[72] the Congress, not popular with the content citizens of Stuttgart,[72] were driven out by the King's army.[72]. [98] To commemorate the city citizens who died during the war, the rubble was assembled and used to create the Birkenkopf. [8] Stuttgart was one of the host cities for the official tournaments of the 1974 and 2006 FIFA World Cups. [30] Archaeological evidence shows that later Merovingian era Frankish farmers continued to till the same land the Romans did. In October 2009 the Stuttgart Ministry of Agriculture announced that the European Union was to officially recognise the pasta dish Maultaschen as a "regional specialty", thus marking its significance to the cultural heritage of Baden-Württemberg. The city is not considered a traditional university city, but nevertheless has a variety of institutions of higher education. Filderstadt is in the Stuttgart Region of Germany. The park also houses Stuttgart planetarium. Alternatively, Sommer (1992) suggested that the Roman site corresponds to the Civitas Aurelia G attested to in an inscription found near Öhringen. Friedrich Schiller and the city's most famous Classicist architect, Nikolaus Friedrich von Thouret, were among its many esteemed alumni. Stuttgart is also chief of the three centres Stuttgart Metropolitan Region, an area of 15,000 square kilometres (5,800 sq mi) containing 5.3 million persons. Wine remained Stuttgart's leading source of income well into the 19th century. [19] For business, it describes itself as "Where business meets the future". [122], Since 1967, Patch Barracks in Stuttgart has been home to the US EUCOM. It would be finalized in 1962 and is still active today. It is the 6th largest city in Germany after Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, Cologne and Frankfurt am Main. In 2008 it was host to the World Individual Debating and Public Speaking Championships. Regular events that take place in Stuttgart: Stuttgart is home to five of the eleven state museums in Baden-Württemberg. [20], Stuttgart is a city with a high number of immigrants. [25] At the end of the 14th century, new suburbs sprang up around Leonhard Church and near the city's fortifications as well. League position This number doubled, due to the incorporation of local towns, to approximately 185,000 in 1901 and then 200,000 in 1904. Stuttgart is home to Germany's ninth biggest exhibition center, Stuttgart Trade Fair which lies on the city outskirts next to Stuttgart Airport. Understand . the sixth largest German city and Stuttgart … [79], During World War I, the city was a target of air raids. 39% of foreign nationals come from the European Union (mostly Italy, Greece, and Poland). Stuttgart has an inland port in Hedelfingen on the Neckar. TV Bittenfeld has been playing in the men's Handball-Bundesliga since the 2015/16 season under the name TVB 1898 Stuttgart. It also has a Landesmedienzentrum, a State media center. Generally, the majority of the population can be found in the records. When he came of age and returned from his tutoring at the court of Frederick the Great, King of Prussia, Charles desired to move the capital back to Stuttgart. In the Feuersee area in the west of Stuttgart lies one of two 'Feuersee's (literally fire lakes), striking for its views of the Johanneskirche (St. Johns) church across the lake, surrounded by nearby houses and offices. [30] A settlement at this locale was again mentioned in 1229, but this time by Pope Gregory IX. Summers last from May until September. Though it is a rare occurrence in Stuttgart, the city sometimes receives damaging hailstorms, such as in July 2013. The home venue is the Scharrena Stuttgart, part of the home games also take place in the Porsche-Arena for capacity reasons. Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia, created and edited by volunteers around the world and hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. A number of auto-enthusiast magazines are published in Stuttgart.[170]. It was also one of the twelve host cities of the FIFA World Cup 2006. Stuttgart is a city in southern Germany, it's featured in German Truck Simulator and Euro Truck Simulator 2. 49.8% of the population fell into other categories: Muslims, Jews and those who either followed no religion or one not accounted for in official statistics. Further resistance by Eberhard I against the Emperor's created Vogts and Bailiwicks as well as the newly appointed Duke of Swabia Rudolf II, Duke of Austria, eventually led to armed conflict and initial successes upon Emperor Rudolph I's death in 1291 against the Emperor's men. Of them, only 180 held in Internment survived the Shoah.[96][97]. When internal divisions of the Frankfurt Parliament began the demise of that congress, the majority of the Frankfurt Congress voted to move to Stuttgart to flee the reach of the Prussian and Austrian armies in Frankfurt and Mainz. CJD Feuerbach was German champion in women's volleyball three times. The Old Castle is also home to the State Museum of Württemberg which was founded in 1862 by William I of Württemberg. [152] It is also home to a large English speaking church, The International Baptist Church of Stuttgart.[153]. On 26 April 1919, a new constitution was devised, and the final draft was approved and ratified on 25 September 1919 by the Constituent Assembly. Eberhard seized the opportunity granted to him by the political chaos, and recaptured his hometown and birthplace in 1316,[37] and made much territorial gain. The heaviest raid took place on 12 September 1944, when the Royal Air Force, dropping over 184,000 bombs – including 75 blockbusters – levelled Stuttgart's city centre, killing 957 people in the resulting firestorm. In the late 1970s, the municipal district of Stammheim was centre stage to one of the most controversial periods of German post-war history. Stuttgart was proclaimed capital once more when Württemberg became an electorate in 1803,[26] and was yet again named as capital when the Kingdom of Württemberg was formed in 1805 by the Peace of Pressburg.[62][63]. VfB Stuttgart is the name of a football club in Germany.The club was founded in 1893 and won the German championship five times (1950, 1952, 1984, 1992, 2007). No other region in Germany registers so many patents and designs as Stuttgart. The fortunes of Stuttgart turned with those of the House of Württemberg, and they made it the capital of their county, duchy, and kingdom from the 15th century to 1918. When Stuttgart was run as a (or within) the Duchy of Württemberg, it was governed by a type of protectorate called a Vogt appointed by the Duke. Education Cinemas in Stuttgart The Corso Kino in Stuttgart-Vaihingen is the only cinema that regularly shows English-language movies. For the first four years of the war, successful air raids on the city were rare because of the capable defence of the city by Wehrmacht ground forces, the Luftwaffe, and artificial fog. [107] Klett's Stuttgart saw two major media events: the same year the partnership with Strasbourg was finalized, then French president Charles de Gaulle visited the city and Ludwigsburg Palace in the ending moments of his state visit to Germany,[108] and Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom visited the city 24 May 1965.[109]. [76] By 1874, Stuttgart once again exceeded the 100,000 inhabitant mark. Dezember 2019", "Mercer's 2015 Quality of Living City Rankings", "Innovation Cities™ Index 2015 : Global", "Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg", "Neue Daten zur Migration in Deutschland verfügbar", "Stuttgarter Stadtgeschichte – kurz gefasst", "Stadtarchiv Stuttgart - Stuttgarter Stadtgeschichte im Überblick", "Vorläufer des großen Bauernkriegs zwischen 1476 und 1517", "Herzog Ulrich von Württemberg - Der Mord im Böblinger Wald", "Die Geschichte von Stuttgart: Die Neuzeit (1500 bis 1800)", "Das Leben der Magdalena Sibylla von Hessen Darmstadt: Grafentochter wird Herzogin", "Magdalena Sibylla, landgravine of Hesse-Darmstadt", "Le traité de paix de Presbourg, 26 décembre 1805", "DNB, Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek", "Die Geschichte des Cannstatter Volksfestes", "Statistical Reports of Baden-Württemberg", "Die Geschichte von Stuttgart: Die Moderne (ab 1800)", "Historische Einwohnerzahlen der Stuttgarter Stadtbezirke und Stadtteile 1834 bis 1900", "Lenin: The International Socialist Congress in Stuttgart (Proletary)", "Die Stuttgarter Kriegsfilmchronik – Ein besonderer Bestand im Stadtarchiv", "Staatspolizeileitstelle im Hotel Silber", "Stuttgart – Baden-Württemberg's Jewish Centre", "Jewish Life – and Loss – in Stuttgart", "Stuttgart im zweiten Weltkrieg: 2. Stuttgart covers an area of 207.35 km2 (80 sq mi) and sits at elevation ranging from 207 m (679 ft) above sea level by the Neckar river to 549 m (1,801 ft) on Bernhartshöhe hill – something rather unique in large German cities. Template:Infobox Metro The Stuttgart light rail of the Stuttgart trams AG (SSB) since 1985 is part of the rail rapid transit in Stuttgart. All these cities were examined by the Parlamentarischer Rat,[106] but ultimately Bonn won the bid when the Republic was founded on 23 May 1949. In the city center and densely built-up areas, the Stadtbahn runs underground. The military government of the American occupation zone established a Displaced persons camp for displaced persons, mostly forced labourers from Central and Eastern European industrial firms in the area. Church records (parish registers, church books) are the main source of genealogical information in Germany before civil registration began in 1876. Stuttgart is one of the four government regions in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.. Landkreise (Rural districts) Kreisfreie Städte (Urban districts) Böblingen Stations are signposted with a 'U' symbol, which stands for Untergrundbahn (underground rail). [110] Since the 1950s, Stuttgart has been the third largest city in southern Germany behind Frankfurt and Munich. In May 1965 Queen Elizabeth II made a state visit to Stuttgart and nearby Marbach and Schwäbisch Hall. [147], The population of Stuttgart declined steadily between 1960 (637,539) and 2000 (586,978). Stuttgart's literary tradition also bore yet more fruits, being the home of such writers of national importance as Wilhelm Hauff, Ludwig Uhland, Gustav Schwab, and Eduard Mörike. Several attempts were made by the organization to free the terrorists during the "German Autumn" of 1977 that culminated in such events as the kidnap and murder of Hanns-Martin Schleyer and the hijacking of Lufthansa Flight 181. Stuttgart is the home of two car manufacturers: Mercedes Benz and Porsche. His son, Eberhard I "the Illustrious",[23] would be the first to begin the many major expansions of Stuttgart under the House of Württemberg. [26] The land and title of Duke of Swabia remained in Liudolf's hands until his rebellion was quashed by his father four years later. When it became clear, after many attempts to free the inmates including the smuggling of three weapons into the prison by their lawyer,[112][113] that the terrorists could not escape and that they would receive Life sentencing, the terrorists killed themselves[g] in April 1977 in an event remembered locally as the "Todesnacht von Stammheim," "Night of Death at Stammheim. 1800 seats). [176], Long-distance trains stop at Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof, the city's main line terminus, which is also used by Interregio-Express, Regional-Express and Regionalbahn trains for services to stations in the Stuttgart metropolitan area. Under pressure from the revolutionaries, Wilhelm II refused the crown, but also refused to abdicate the throne. For the first time since 1972 the CDU no longer held the most seats, toppling its absolute majority shared with the Independent Party and the FDP. Stuttgart has a light rail system known as the Stuttgart Stadtbahn. To this end, he once again began a construction boom all over the Duchy under the direction of Court Architect Aberlin Tretsch;[46] knowing full well that the time of the Reisekönigtum was over, Christoph and Tretsch rebuilt and remodeled the Old Castle into a Renaissance palace,[38] and from 1542 to 1544, what is today the Schillerplatz was built as a town square. [103] The French army remained in the city until they finally relented to American demands on 8 July 1945 and withdrew. The 2016 Stuttgart World Cup, also known as the EnBW Turn-WeltCup, will be held from March 18-20 in Stuttgart, Germany. The lakes are also used for local water supplies. [132][133] On average, Stuttgart enjoys 1,807 hours of sunshine per year and an average annual temperature of 9 Â°C (48 Â°F). Although the city center was heavily damaged during World War II,[139] many historic buildings have been reconstructed and the city boasts some fine pieces of modern post-war architecture. Ludwigsburg Palace in the nearby town of Ludwigsburg is also used throughout the year as a venue for concerts and cultural events. So far, about 5,000 names of victims of the regime of National Socialism have been acquired. That same year, Ulrich was soundly defeated and he was driven into exile in France and Switzerland following the League's conquest of Württemberg. The archived material is in principle open to the public and can be consulted in the reading room in Bellingweg 21 in Bad Cannstatt. Stuttgart is still one of Germany's largest wine-growing cities with more than 400 hectares of vine area, thanks in main to its location at the center of Germany's fourth largest wine region, the Württemberg wine growing area which covers 11,522 hectares (28,470 acres) and is one of only 13 official areas captured under German Wine law. [77] As a result, it is considered to be the starting point of the worldwide automotive industry and is sometimes referred to as the 'cradle of the automobile',[16] and today Mercedes-Benz and Porsche both have their headquarters in Stuttgart, as well as automotive parts giants Bosch and Mahle. In 2007, Stuttgart hosted the 2007 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships. Since the monumental happenings of the 1980s, Stuttgart has continued being an important centre of not just Europe, but also the world. These units of soldiers retrained in patrol and policing provided the law and order in the American zone of occupied Germany until the civilian German police forces could be re-established.